The Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial plant with tall, rough, and branched stems that can reach up to 2–3 meters (6–10 feet) in height. Its leaves are large, green, and oval-shaped with a slightly coarse texture. During late summer to early fall, the plant produces bright yellow, sunflower-like blossoms that attract pollinators. The edible portion is a knobby, tuberous root that grows underground. These tubers vary in size and shape, typically pale brown or beige on the outside and creamy white on the inside, with a slightly sweet, nutty flavor when cooked.
- Plant Height: 2–3 meters (6–10 feet)
- Spacing: 30–45 cm (12–18 inches) between plants
- Sunlight: Full sun for optimal growth
- Soil: Well-drained, loamy soil; tolerates poor soils
- Watering: Moderate, regular watering; drought-tolerant once established
- Fertilization: Light feeding with compost or balanced fertilizer
- Harvest: Tubers ready in late fall; can overwinter in soil in mild climates
- Maintenance: Low maintenance; can become invasive if not controlled