The Guava plant (Psidium guajava) is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree or shrub, native to tropical regions and valued for its delicious fruit. It typically has a dense, spreading canopy with smooth, thin bark that may peel in older specimens. The leaves are oval-shaped, glossy, and dark green, with prominent veins. Guava plants produce white, fragrant flowers that develop into round or pear-shaped fruits, which can vary in color from green to yellow to pink, depending on the variety.
- Size: Guava plants can reach heights of 10 to 20 feet (3 to 6 meters) tall, though some dwarf varieties are available that stay smaller. They can spread equally wide or be pruned to maintain a more compact size for easier harvesting.
- Sunlight: Guava plants thrive in full sun, requiring at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
- Soil: Well-draining soil is essential for guava plants. They prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (6.0-7.0).
- Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during the growing season. However, avoid waterlogged conditions as this can lead to root rot.
- Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer every 4 to 6 weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) to promote healthy growth and fruit production.
- Pruning: Prune regularly to shape the plant, remove dead or diseased branches, and improve air circulation within the canopy.
- Pest and Disease Control: Guava plants are relatively resistant to pests and diseases but may occasionally be affected by pests like fruit flies, scales, or aphids. Monitor regularly and use organic or chemical control methods as needed.
- Protection from Frost: Protect young guava plants from frost, as they are sensitive to cold temperatures. Cover them or bring them indoors during winter in colder climates.